The rapid growth of energy-hungry data centers, accelerated by cloud computing and AI, has prompted utilities and regulators across the U.S. to rethink how to serve these large-load customers without unfairly burdening other ratepayers. After years of wooing data centers with tax breaks and special contracts, many states are now imposing new rate structures, contracts, and safeguards to ensure data centers pay their own way. Below is a comprehensive review of developments in each state (focusing on major utilities), followed by a summary table of key provisions.